Sessions/Tracks

Track 1: Vaccines

In the field of medicine, vaccinations are essential, particularly for growing youngsters. A biological preparation known as a vaccination offers active acquired immunity to a specific disease. There are a total of 26 vaccines that have been approved by the WHO. Measles, Rubella, Cholera, Meningococcal disease, Influenza, Diphtheria, Mumps, Tetanus, Rabies, Varicella and herpes zoster vaccines, Human papillomavirus vaccines, Rotavirus gastroenteritis vaccines, Yellow fever vaccines, Japanese encephalitis vaccines, Malaria vaccines, and Dengue fever vaccines are among the different vaccines. The best way to avoid infectious diseases is through vaccination. This conference shares information on the most recent developments and breakthroughs in vaccines and immunisation..

Track 2: Next-Generation Vaccine Delivery Technologies

Based on the genetic code of the pathogenic agents, the next generation of DNA or RNA vaccines have been developed. For the targeted delivery and/or controlled release of medicinal substances, drug delivery systems have been developed. Drugs have been used for a very long time to improve health and lengthen lives. Immunology, protein design, and genetic delivery technologies have opened up previously unattainable new opportunities for vaccine concepts and delivery technology. The two most crucial criteria are that a vaccine must be both safe and effective. This is best defined as a formulation that is developed with the right potency and lasts throughout the period of conditions until it is given to the patient.

Track 3:  Vaccines Policy

Supply of Vaccines The government uses it as a health policy for the immunisation process. Since the discovery of vaccinations, roughly 200 years ago, vaccination programmes have been devised with the goal of preventing sickness in the people the government wishes to protect or boosting their immune systems. When EPI was founded more than 40 years ago, vaccination new-borns with a select few conventional vaccines was its primary goal. The world of vaccines has radically transformed nowadays. When EPI was founded more than 40 years ago, it concentrated on immunising children with a select group of conventional vaccines. The field of vaccines has undergone significant shift nowadays.

Track 4: Vaccination Strategies

All vaccination methods have as their main objective the decrease of disease by achieving high levels of immunity in the targeted population through adequate vaccination coverage and vaccine efficacy. To stop the disease from spreading, it is intended to strengthen people's immune systems.

Track 5: Combination & Conjugate Vaccines

As more diseases are prevented through vaccination, the number of shots must remain stable in order to retain community and healthcare professional approval. Combination conjugate vaccines are a necessary and significant advancement. In addition to discussing the immunological mechanisms driving interactions between vaccine epitopes, the function of immunological memory, and correlates of immunity, this paper covers the efficacy and safety of combination conjugate vaccines. The effectiveness of combination vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b is specifically discussed. The effects of these discoveries on various communities are examined, the most important topics for more study are noted, and the effects on post-licensure monitoring are covered.

Track 6: Vaccines against Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases are responsible for approximately 25% of global mortality, especially in children aged younger than 5 years. Much of the burden of infectious diseases could be alleviated if appropriate mechanisms could be put in place to ensure access for all children to basic vaccines, regardless of geographical location or economic status. In addition, new safe and effective vaccines should be developed for a variety of infections against which no effective preventive intervention measure is either available or practical. The public, private, and philanthropic sectors need to join forces to ensure that these new or improved vaccines are fully developed and become accessible to the populations in need as quickly as possible

Track 7: DNA & Synthetic Vaccines

Scientists take many approaches to designing vaccines against a microbe. These choices are typically based on fundamental information about the microbe, such as how it infects cells and how the immune system responds to it, as well as practical considerations, such as regions of the world where the vaccine would be used. A DNA vaccine against a microbe would evoke a strong antibody response to the free-floating antigen secreted by cells, and the vaccine also would stimulate a strong cellular response against the microbial antigens displayed on cell surfaces. The DNA vaccine couldn’t cause the disease because it wouldn’t contain the microbe, just copies of a few of its genes. In addition, DNA vaccines are relatively easy and inexpensive to design and produce. Inactivated vaccines can be composed of either whole viruses or bacteria, or fractions of either. Fractional vaccines are either protein-based or polysaccharide-based.

Track 8: Paediatric Vaccination

Immunization against diseases such as Polio, Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis saves the lives of approximately three million children each year. Immunization also prevents many more millions from suffering debilitating illness and lifelong disability. Globally, approximately 132 million babies need to be fully immunized each year. In order to meet this need, immunization systems must have adequate resources, trained and motivated staff, and ample vaccines and syringe supplies.

Track 9: Vaccines for Immune-Mediated Diseases

Immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs), including RA, IBD, and psoriasis, increase the risk of infection in patients. This risk is largely due to the use of immunosuppressive or immune-modulatory medications during treatment. Despite having a higher risk of diseases that can be prevented by vaccination, IMID patients have a remarkably low vaccination rate. Although the efficacy of vaccination in this population may be negatively impacted by patients receiving immunotherapy, a sufficient humoral response to immunisation in IMID patients has been shown for the vaccinations against Hepatitis B, influenza, and pneumococcal disease.

Track 10: Vaccines against Drugs?

The problem of drug addiction is widespread. Vaccines against illicit drugs are one treatment being looked into. The drug may be taken up by the antibodies produced in response to the drug and prevented from reaching the brain's reward centres. Clinical trials for such vaccinations are few, but research is moving along quickly. Numerous research show great promise, and further clinical trials ought to be published soon.

Track 11: Vaccines for Unconventional Diseases

Examining the work of pharmaceutical companies developing vaccines that induce antibodies against non-infectious disorders and other unusual indications is interesting. Most of these vaccinations have been created thus far as therapeutic vaccines. The use of prophylactic vaccinations for infectious diseases is the opposite of this. There is yet no authorised antibody-inducing vaccine that targets antigens other than those found in microorganisms (i.e., self-antigens, addiction molecular antigens, and others), despite promising late stage prospects and several very recent failures. Examining drug companies' efforts to create vaccinations that induce antibodies against uncommon diseases and non-infectious conditions is interesting.

Track 12: Animal Models & Clinical Trials

The development of human vaccines continues to rely on the use of animals for research. Regulatory authorities require novel vaccine candidates to undergo preclinical assessment in animal models before being permitted to enter the clinical phase in human subjects. Substantial progress has been made in recent years in reducing and replacing the number of animals used for preclinical vaccine research through the use of bioinformatics and computational biology to design new vaccine candidates. However, the ultimate goal of a new vaccine is to instruct the immune system to elicit an effective immune response against the pathogen of interest, and no alternatives to live animal use currently exist for evaluation of this response.

Track 13: Vaccine Production & Development

In order to improve systems and procedures for vaccination safety, vaccine development focuses on a range of technology initiatives and applied research. The extraordinary Ebola disease outbreak last year sparked a scientific and industrial reaction, and as we continue to look for solutions, we must reflect on the lessons we've learned in order to meet the problems we're facing right now. The process of developing a vaccine is lengthy and difficult, frequently taking between 10 and 15 years, and it involves both public and private participation. The groups involved in vaccine development, testing, and regulation standardised their practises during the 20th century, leading to the current system.

Track 14: Cellular Immunology & Latest Innovations

The numerous different cell types engaged in the immune response engage in intricate interactions and activities that make up the response to infections. The innate immune response, which takes place shortly after a pathogen is exposed, is the initial line of defence. Cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells, granulocytes, and phagocytic cells like neutrophils and macrophages perform it. The ensuing adaptive immune response, which may take days to develop, includes defence mechanisms particular to the antigen. Antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, play crucial roles in adaptive immunity. The activation of different cell types by antigens, such as T cell subsets, B cells, and macrophages, all play crucial roles in host defence.

Track 15: Antibodies: Engineering & Therapeutics

Antibodies, also called immunoglobulins, are large Y-shaped proteins which function to identify and help remove foreign antigens or targets such as viruses and bacteria. Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes (or B cells). When an antigen binds to the B-cell surface, it stimulates the B cell to divide and mature into a group of identical cells called a clone. The mature B cells, called plasma cells, secrete millions of antibodies into the bloodstream and lymphatic system. Every different antibody recognizes a specific foreign antigen. This is because the two tips of its “Y” are specific to each antigen, allowing different antibodies to bind to different foreign antigens. Antibodies are produced by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen. Antibody engineering has become a well-developed discipline, encompassing discovery methods, production strategies, and modification techniques that have brought forth clinically investigated and marketed therapeutics. The realization of the long-standing goal of production of fully human monoclonal antibodies has focused intensive research on the clinical employment of this potent drug category.

Track 16: Current Research & Future Challenges

Because there are still no vaccinations for some diseases, developing vaccines is still difficult due to their highly advanced evasion strategies. Novel vaccine design has seen both successes and failures in recent years, and iterative methods' strength is becoming more widely recognised. These expedite the development of vaccines by combining the preclinical identification of novel antigens, adjuvants, and vectors with computer analysis of clinical data. Novel antigen candidates have been identified using reverse and structural vaccinology, and promising adjuvants have been developed as a result of molecular immunology. Bio-signatures that will serve as the foundation for future vaccine design are based on gene expression profiles and immunological parameters in patients, vaccinations, and healthy controls.